Last reviewed: 14 September 2026
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) happens when bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites no longer respond to medicines that once worked. WHO describes AMR as a major threat to routine care, surgery and infection control.
Why AMR matters
When treatment becomes less effective, infections can last longer and spread more easily. The risk is not limited to hospitals: antibiotic use in communities, food production and the environment all influence resistance.
What people can do
- Use antibiotics only when prescribed by a qualified clinician.
- Do not share leftover medicines or save them for a future illness.
- Follow the prescribed course and ask a clinician or pharmacist about missed doses.
- Prevent infections with vaccination, hand hygiene and safe food and water practices.
What clinicians and health systems can do
Prescribers can use local guidance, obtain appropriate diagnostic samples when indicated and review therapy when results become available. Hospitals need infection-prevention programmes, surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship.
FAQ
Does every fever need an antibiotic?
No. Many fevers are caused by viruses or other conditions. A clinician should assess the cause.
Can I stop an antibiotic when I feel better?
Follow the instructions from the prescriber; do not change treatment without advice.
Where can I read the evidence?
See WHO’s AMR topic page and fact sheets linked below.
Sources
WHO: Antimicrobial resistance
WHO fact sheet
Medical disclaimer: This article is for general education and does not replace examination, diagnosis or treatment by a qualified professional.